What is it about?Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease from the Endocrine Group.In all patients, improper glucose absorption leads to the insufficiency of hormonal insulin, which can be either relatively or absolutely.
What should be food?Balanced diet, including a large amount of fruits and vegetables, whole cereals, low proteins and healthy fats, can help people with diabetes to control blood sugar levels.
General power rules for diabetes
Today, the frequency of diabetes is one of the most convenient problems in medicine.Statistics show that since 2013. The number of patients who were diagnosed doubled.Currently, more than 425 million people suffer from him.Forecast, Alas, is sad.It is possible that after 10-12 years, the number of patients in the world will be 629 million.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease from the Endocrine Group.In all patients, improper glucose absorption leads to the insufficiency of hormonal insulin, which can be either relatively or absolutely.
As a result, patients develop hyperglycemia, characterized by permanent large glucose in the blood.Diabetes Mellitus leads to a violation of any type of metabolism, namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins, mineral and water salts.
It is worth noting why the reasons is developing a disease.When a person has destruction or pancreas cells destroy, type 1 diabetes starts progressing.The most commonly in such a situation appears the absolute lack of insulin.Genetics can also play a role here, as well as various external factors - food habits, viral diseases, violations of hygienic principles, etc.
With the diabetes of another type, insulin resistance is developed.Within this kind, the lack of insulin is relative.It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia.
Regardless of the type of illness, all patients have blood sugar increases.Cells lack carbs due to their glucose resistance.It's, glucose, instead of entering the cage, just swimming in the blood.
Every patient with diabetes should abide by the diet of the prescribed doctor attending.The patient should reduce carbohydrate burden by 5-7%, the amount of fat used should be increased.
Not so long ago, the power supply for diabetes meant the complete exclusion of simple carbohydrates.But today the patient diet is compiled individually, calculates KBZHU.With the diabetics themselves, you can often hear the following phrase: "With diabetes, there is no strict ban, there is only a healthy lifestyle."
The base for diet is a glycemic index that displays the sugar vacation rate.
The high glycemic index has a high content of simple carbohydrates.They include confectionery, stalemate, cookies, etc.That is, the sugar is absorbed from them fast enough.Croats, vegetables and fruits have a low index, respectively, vacuuming speed when using them.This allows the pancreas to be easier to deal with load.
IMPORTANT:Patient nutritions should contain products, whose glycemic index is below 55. Their increase occurs gradually, and the blood sugar level is practically not increasing.
Each product has its own insulin index.This indicator shows how much insulin will be increased after the diet.The value must be taken into account by diabetes to predict the reaction of the body to use certain foods to be, as well as correctly calculated the dose of insulin as medicine, short and extended.The drug injection prescribes the doctor after eating.
In fact, the patient is eaten, a meal in any case will come to the release of insulin.The development of insulin resistance is often determined by the number of such - the correlated "insulin swings".The more existing, the higher the probability of resistance.The latter, in turn leads to the development of type 2 diabetes. Let us specimen.
Many of us are inclined to believe that milk and fermented dairy products, like cottages, kefir, yogurt, are perfect snacks.In fact, all these products have a very high insulin index.So their use forces a swing of a very swing that leads to a change in the patient's emotional background, bad mood and irritability.
Below to analyze the basis of diet for diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes Diet
Proper balanced diet in type 1 opens the following options: To reduce the risk of strokes, heart attacks, normal blood glucose maintenance, increase the protective mechanisms of the immune system and resolve excess weight.Subject to a diet recommended by a doctor who attends, the patient will feel good.
The main rule is to control blood glucose levels, should vary in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 mmol / l.The basic principles of diet are as follows:
- More than 2 thousand pounds should not be consumed daily.
- Fractional strength, in small portions.At least 5 meals a day.
- In a diet should not be pure sucrose, it will maintain a normal glucose level.
- Most carbohydrates should be in the first half of the day.
- Abstinence from late meals.
- Maximum exclusion of simple carbohydrates found in baking, jams, confectioners and honey.
- Using the driveway.Stevia is perfect here.It is important to give the advantage of natural composition products.
- Construction of insulin therapy charts under food time.The extended drug is given before meals, mother medicine in a short shape - after.
- Leading the accounting of bread units.The value of each reception should not be more than 8 bread.
If the patient has a history of the gastrointestinal tract disease, it should be excluded from its diet for sabbits, smoked, greasy (including bulels), coffee, soda, alcohol, mushrooms, canned products.In other words, it should not be used what contributes to excessive enzyme excretion, because they affect the speed of carbohydrate absorption.
For diabetics, products are divided into allowed and prohibited.The classification below must be taken into account when compiling the weekly menu.The competent approach will normalize blood glucose levels.Ignoring the recommendations of nutritionists can lead to sad consequences.
Type 1 diabetes products continued:
- Baking prepared without yeast.For example, Lavash.
- Berries and fruit.For example, plums, cherries, citrus, apples, pears.
- Soy products (tofu, milk).
- Cereals and cereals (barley, oatmeal, buckwheat).
- Vegetarian soups, including soups.
- Drinks including bad -carbonated mineral water, mousses from berries, unsweetened compotes.
- Vegetables.For example, onions, zucchini, pepper, beets, carrots.
- Walnuts.
- Coffee nickname, sugar-free tea.
Prohibited products for type 1 diabetes:
- Oily soups and soups.
- Pasta.
- Bakery.
- Confectionery products.
- Sweets and chocolate.
- Semi-trailing food dishes, semi-refined products.
- Alcohol.Special ban is red dessert wine.
- Smoked, sharp, strongly salty.
- Oily meat, especially pork, lamb, duck.
- Fat fish.For example, mackerel.
It is important that products in the diet have a minimum degree of processing during their preparation.
It is advisable to eat vegetables and fruit raw, but in stew, boiled or roast - it is also allowed.Fried foods do not recommend doctors.
If the patient plays sports, then during intensive load, food can be adjusted, because training leads to greater carbohydrate consumption.
To avoid a hyperglycemic coma, the patient in his diet is recommended to involve herbal products, which reduces blood glucose.It can be, for example, blueberry or tea for a routine.
IMPORTANT:In the presence of the disease, the patient should adhere to the individual diet prescribed by attending a doctor-endocrinologist, not general recommendations.If in the insulin-working patient, the body mass index indicates obesity, its daily calories should be from 1200 to 1400 kcal.If there is no need for weight correction, a caloric rate increases daily.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Power for type 2 diabetes is based on the following bases:
- Sugar -Unstitutes are an alternative to refined carbohydrates.
- Proteins should be 20% diets, fat - 30%, carbohydrates - 50%.
- Consumption of animal fats should be reduced to 50%.
The daily calorie rate depends on how much energy is carried by the patient during the day, as well as on his weight.It is necessary that during the day there are 5 meals, dishes for which they are cooked or steamed or served in cooked form.
Since diabetics have increased kidney sensitivity, you can't exaggerate with protein products.The diet must contain these products that help improve fat metabolism.They include browns, rose flowers, vegetable oils, cereals, fermented milk products.
To understand how much diet is, the patient is prescribed blood sugar tests with a certain frequency.The first blood fence is made on an empty stomach, next in two hours.If the results differ from normal indicators, the doctor adjusts to the patient's diet, and also changes the dose of drugs.
Power supply for type 2 diabetes does not differ much with food habits people who adhere to a healthy lifestyle.And they and others feed on small portions, but often.The recommended number of meals a day is 5, include 3 main meals, each of which equal 5-8 cruise units, and 2 snacks are equal to 1-2 bread units.
You can't ignore breakfast, it is very important for rational meals.It is necessary to eat at least every 4 hours, the last meal is no later than an hour and a half before bed.Following the above recommendations is an excellent prevention of the cardiovascular system disease, the lesion for the eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), as well as the nervous system (neuropathy).
Useful products for diabetes Mellitus
Ginger
Ginger has a positive effect on metabolism, normalizes the patient's blood glucose indicators and improves blood coagulation.It is advisable to use it every day.
Whole cereal
Products such as whole cereals, cinema seeds and brown rice prevent the development of diabetes.The normalization of blood glucose levels due to their use can be explained by a sufficient amount in its fiber composition.Since the whole grain creates a barrier for sugar jumps, with a special desire to eat something with a high glycemic index, you must definitely add complex carbohydrates into a bowl.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon helps improve cell sensitivity to insulin.This spice participates in insulin level regulation.In addition, normalizes blood pressure, so that the use of not only diabetics is recommended, but also on hypertension.
Citrus
Any citrus fruits have antioxidants.They also normalize the level of insulin.
Nuts
NUTS contain a large amount of mono -staffed fats and magnesium.Statistics show that patients with diabetes that regularly eat the nuts to suffer less than others from glucose jumps.
Olive oil
The use of olive oil is an excellent prevention of the cardiovascular system disease.In addition, the product regulates blood glucose levels.
Fish
Fish is a source of omega-3.These fatty acids should be a mandatory diet component in diabetes.They synthesize red blood cells, as well as cell membranes, positively affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals with the body, reduce inflammation and prevent the development of the insulin resistance.
Legumes
The legumes are another glucose level stabilizer in the patient's blood.They practically have no saturated fat that harms the cardiovascular system.
Vegetables of green sheet
Salad leaves, spinach, all types of cabbage basis are diet in diabetes.Such products are low-calorie, but at the same time contain a sufficient amount of useful substances.The latter includes vitamin C, beta-carotene and magnesium.These elements prevent the development of type 2 diabetes by 14%.Recommended dose - 106 grams per day.
Forbidden products for diabetes Melitus
Today, doctors are of the opinion that it is not necessary to strictly restrict patients with diabetes in a diet.Patients can afford to eat delicious and diverse, but there are a number of products from which it is still recommended to refrain, not only a diabetics, but also all the sugar's healthy lifestyle.
Some fruits
Some fruits and dried fruits cause blood glucose increases.They include dry apricots, dates, figs, raisins, persimmon, melon, grapes, bananas.
Brake
Transfers are rich in sules from the fast food menu, as well as margarine, confectionery.Those harm not only health, but also.
Semi-finishing products
Semi-finishing products are prepared using additives such as aromas, stabilizers, taste amplifiers.The purchase of fish sticks, chops, meatballs, sausages, dumplings and sausages in stores are not recommended.If you really want, they better cook themselves.
Greasy food
Fatty food causes blood sugar.The power supply of diabetes should not include ducks, pork, lamb, lardine, mayonnaise and greasy dairy products.
Bakery
Baking ASSO should also be excluded.It contains baking products, muffins and cookies.
Sweet
It is necessary to leave sugar in pure form, as well as from products that contain it in large quantities.Under ban: ice cream, milk chocolate, jam, halva, jam, jam and other sweets.
Table no.9 for diabetes
In the first quarter of the twentieth century, 15 diets for diabetics and patients with other diseases were developed.Their authorship belongs to the well-stayed nutritionist.Despite the fact that today his system is obsolete, he did not lose his efficiency, so today many doctors still use.
A place for patients with type 2 diabetes - in 9 tables.Table no.9 It is based on the same principles used today: partially or completely rejection of rapid carbohydrates, special attention to proteins and fiber.
The diet can still be used, although it was created more than 100 years ago, but endocrinologists give their own adjustments, depending on the patient's condition.
Diet for gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a consequence of the malformation of the Pregnant Gištarča.As a rule, this condition is easy to control.The main rule is to eat rationally.
- Do not consume sugar, cakes, cakes, sDobu, fruit high sugar content, as well as sugar - products and products containing it.
- The BJU should have the following proportions - 30%, 20%, 50%.
- It is necessary to drink daily from 1.5 to 2 liters of clean drinking water.
- Include starch products in a diet, including cereals, legumes, battles, beets, rotkvica, as well as fermented dairy products.
- Fresh fruits are perfect for snacks.
- The total number of meals is 5, 3 of which are main and 2 snacks.
- Do not ignore the use of vitamin complexes for expected mothers.
- To reduce sugar, a drink from plant plants: celery, linden, lila, blueberries and beans.
- Refuse or restrict caffeine in the diet.The number of servings of tea and coffee should not be greater than 2 a day.
Melitus diabetes in children
The main causes of diabetes development in children are hereditary predisposition or lack of rational diet.In the latter case, we are talking about abusing simple carbohydrates and sweets.In some cases, diabetes in the child appear as a result of mental or physical trauma.Treatment is selected individually, depending on the severity of the disease, the main role is played by nutrition and introduction of insulin, if we talk about type 1 diabetes.
Diet of children in diabetes must contain vegetables: cabbage, onion, spinach and garlic.There are fruit, but only those who contain a minimum amount of sugar.Meat, poultry and fish are allowed.Dairy products - provided that they have a low percentage of fat content.Permitted spices that improve protein absorption are acceptable.
Confectionery and sweet fruits - under the strict prohibition.Rice is also recommended to exclude.
Doctors attending parents of their smaller patients to calculate the amount of bread units and insulin dosing.IMPORTANT: The sooner the child learns to do it alone, the better.
Alcohol for diabetes Melitus
Alcohol is recommended strictly limiting if it is not possible to completely leave its use.How much alcohol can a patient with diabetes cause the patient determine the present doctor.
Alcohol in a small amount is allowed, but here it is important to remember some things.
Stronger alcohol, it's more calories in it.There are 710 kilos on 100 grams of pure alcohol, and that is not much less than in fat.Every alcoholic drink also has energy value, it also has carbohydrates.The cup of beer is about 200 kilocalories, and the glass of wine is about 100.
Why not recommended drink alcohol?The thing is that it causes sugar jumps and can lead to hypoglycemia, ie a sharp decline in glucose levels.When drinking alcohol, alcohol enters the liver, the organ consumes its energy on the disintegration of alcohol molecules and forgets that also needs to be played glucose.To prevent this from happening, it is better to take alcohol during the meal or immediately after eating.
By the way, some scientists are the opinion that alcohol in reasonable quantities do not only harm, but also has little benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.
It is important to remember that alcohol causes glucose levels growth, its regular use can lead to the development of the second-type diabetes.
In addition, many medications cannot be combined with alcohol.Among them are insulin and sulfonylmochevine.This combination can cause strong hyperglycemia.
How to drink alcohol that suffers from diabetes?
- Consider content calories alcohol together with the usual diet.
- Give the advantage to low-calorie drinks where there is little calories.
- Don't drink on an empty stomach.
- Eat alcohol.
- Control your blood glucose level.
- In a company where you drink alcohol, warn of your disease.Some people are willing to provide an ambulance if necessary.
- Do not mix alcohol and medicine.